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Chicago Citation Style 18th Edition

This guide will help you cite sources in Chicago Citation Style 18th Edition.

 

   

Paintings, Photographs, and Sculptures

Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.) 

General Format

Full Note

1. Artist First Name Surname, Image Title, Year, Medium, Size, Location of physical version, museum accession number [if applicable], URL [if applicable]. 

Shortened Note

2. Artist Surname, Image Title.

Bibliography

 Artist Surname, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Size, Location of physical version, museum accession number [if applicable], URL [if applicable]. 

Example

Full Note

1. Georgia O'Keeffe, A Sunflower from Maggie, 1937, oil on canvas, 40.64 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, http://library.artstor.org.ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/asset/AMICO_BOSTON_103832223.

Shortened Note

2. O'Keeffe, A Sunflower from Maggie.

Bibliography

O'Keeffe, Georgia. A Sunflower from Maggie. 1937, oil on canvas,40.64 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, http://library.artstor.org.ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/asset/AMICO_BOSTON_103832223.

Tips

See The Chicago Manual (14.133) for more information on citing Paintings, Photographs, and Sculptures.
For more information about citing and attributing images, see RDP Library's Citing & Attributing Works.

Paintings, Photographs, and Sculptures from a Print Source

Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapter and section in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.) 

General Format

Full Note

1. Author First Name Surname, "Photograph Title," Year Photo was Taken (if provided), in Book Title (Publisher, Year), page or plate #.

Shortened Note

2. Author Surname, "Photograph Title."

Bibliography

Author Surname, First Name. "Photograph Title." Year Photo was Taken (if provided). In Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year, page or plate #.

Example

Full Note

1. Franz Jansen, "8 O'Clock," 1920, in German Expressionist Woodcuts, ed. Shane Weller (Dover Publications, 1994), plate 12. 

Shortened Note

2. Jansen, "8 O'Clock." 

Bibliography

Jansen, Franz. "8 O'Clock." 1920. In German Expressionist Woodcuts, edited by Shane Weller. Dover Publications, 1994, plate 12.  

 

Jansen, Franz. "8 O'Clock." 1920. In German Expressionist Woodcuts, edited by Shane Weller. Dover Publications, 1994, plate 12.

Tips

See The Chicago Manual (14.57) for more information on citing an illustration or table within a resource.
For more information about citing and attributing images, see RDP Library's Copyright Guide: Citing & Attributing Works.

Note

Note that a citation is not the same as a caption or credit. For detailed information on captioning and crediting artwork and other types of illustrations (including advice on writing alternative text), see chapter 3

Image from Artstor

General Format

Full Note.
  1.  Artist First Name Surname, Image Title, Year, Medium, Size, Location of physical version, URL [if applicable], accessed date.
Shortened Note 

2. Artist Surname, Image Title. 

Bibliography

Artist Surname, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Size, Location of physical version, URL [if applicable], accessed date.

Example

Full Note

 1. Caspar David Friedrich, Two Men Contemplating the Moon, 1825-30, oil on canvas, 13 3/4 x 17 1/4 in., The Metropolitan Museum of Art, https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.18476074, accessed 5 Aug. 2025.

Shortened Note

 2. Friedrich, Two Men Contemplating the Moon. 

Bibliography

Friedrich, Caspar David. Two Men Contemplating the Moon. 1825-30, oil on canvas, 13 3/4 x 17 1/4 in. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.18476074, accessed 5 Aug. 2025.

Tips

See The Chicago Manual (14.57) for more information on citing an illustration or table within a resource.

For more information about citing and attributing images, see RDP Library's Copyright Guide: Citing & Attributing Works.

Image Generated by GenAI

For more information on citing images generated from GenAI, please see the Chicago Manual Style, 18th edition, 3.30-3.38: Crediting adapted material.

In the examples below, the AI tool (for example, ChatGPT) is treated as the author, the developer of the AI tool (for example, OpenAI) is treated as the publisher, the date the content was generated is utilized, as well as the AI tool's version number should also be included. The URL should link to a publicly available copy of the content created by GenAI (for more information, see 13.6 and 13.17)

Note: Guidance on citing GenAI is subject to change as style develops its standards. Always check with the publisher of each style for the most current guidance, or consult with your instructor or librarian. 

General Format

For images created by GenAI models, note its use in the figure caption.

Typically, images are not referenced in the Bibliography or reference list, but if you do include them, you can consider using the format below.

Figure Note

Fig #. Image generated by AI Model & Version number, Date retrieved, from the prompt "Prompt."

Bibliography

 Developer of AI tool (Publisher). Response to "Text prompt in quotes." Name and version of AI tool (Author), Date content was generated, Month Day, Year. Public URL that points to the AI generated content

Example 

Figure Note

Fig. 1. Image generated by OpenAI, ChaptGPT-4, August 6, 2025, from the prompt "Can you please make a painting in the style of Van Gogh's Starry Night but make it spooky?" 

Bibliography

OpenAI. Response to "Can you please make a painting in the style of Van Gogh's Starry Night but make it spooky?" ChatGPT-4, August 6, 2025. https://chatgpt.com/share/6893a935-d854-8001-aaa7-4e2023f0622e