Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
1. Artist First Name Surname, Image Title, Year, Medium, Size, Location of physical version, museum accession number [if applicable], URL [if applicable].
2. Artist Surname, Image Title.
Artist Surname, First Name. Image Title. Year. Medium, Size, Location of physical version, museum accession number [if applicable], URL [if applicable].
1. Georgia O'Keeffe, A Sunflower from Maggie, 1937, oil on canvas, 40.64 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, http://library.artstor.org.ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/asset/AMICO_BOSTON_103832223.
2. O'Keeffe, A Sunflower from Maggie.
O'Keeffe, Georgia. A Sunflower from Maggie. 1937, oil on canvas,40.64 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, http://library.artstor.org.ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/asset/AMICO_BOSTON_103832223.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapter and section in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
1. Author First Name Surname, "Photograph Title," Year Photo was Taken (if provided), in Book Title (Publisher, Year), page or plate #.
2. Author Surname, "Photograph Title."
Author Surname, First Name. "Photograph Title." Year Photo was Taken (if provided). In Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year, page or plate #.
1. Franz Jansen, "8 O'Clock," 1920, in German Expressionist Woodcuts, ed. Shane Weller (Dover Publications, 1994), plate 12.
2. Jansen, "8 O'Clock."
Jansen, Franz. "8 O'Clock." 1920. In German Expressionist Woodcuts, edited by Shane Weller. Dover Publications, 1994, plate 12.
Jansen, Franz. "8 O'Clock." 1920. In German Expressionist Woodcuts, edited by Shane Weller. Dover Publications, 1994, plate 12.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific pages in The Chicago Manual (17th ed.)
1. Poster's First Name Surname or Username [if applicable], "Multimedia Title," Publishing Channel, posted date, YouTube video, time placement, URL.
2. Poster's Surname or Username [if applicable], "Multimedia Title."
Poster's First Name Surname or Username [if applicable]. "Multimedia Title." Publishing Channel. Posted on date, YouTube video, full time of video, URL.
1. Neil Gaiman, "How Stories Last | Neil Gaiman," Long Now Foundation, posted May 3, 2013, YouTube video, 1:43:27, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn2n7N7Q2vw.
2. Gaiman, "How Stories Last."
Gaiman, Neil. "How Stories Last | Neil Gaiman." Long Now Foundation. Posted May 3, 2013, YouTube video, 1:47:27, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn2n7N7Q2vw.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
1. Author First Name Surname, "Blog Entry Title," Blog Title (blog), Date of Post, URL.
Tip: If the blog is part of a larger publication or website, Italicize that title and place it after the blog title separated by a comma. If it is not clear from the blog title, the word 'blog' may be included in parenthesis after the name of the blog.
2. Author Surname, "Article Title."
Author Surname, First Name. "Blog Entry Title." Blog Title (blog), Date of Post. URL.
1. Robin Hanson, "On Thought Leaders," Overcoming Bias (blog), December 12, 2017, http://www.overcomingbias.com/2017/12/on-thought-leaders.html55.
2. Hanson, "On Thought Leaders."
Hanson, Robin. "On Thought Leaders." Overcoming Bias (blog), December 12, 2017, http://www.overcomingbias.com/2017/12/on-though-leaders.html55.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
1. Lecturer First Name Surname, "Lecture Title," Presentation type, Location of Lecture, Month Day, Year of Lecture.
2. Lecturer Surname, "Lecture Title."
Lecturer Surname, First Name. "Lecture Title." Presentation type, Location of Lecture, Month Day, Year of Lecture.
1. G. C. Sullivan, "The Art of Watercolours," PowerPoint presentation, Red Deer College, Red Deer, AB, November 13, 2003.
2. Sullivan, "The Art of Watercolours."
Sullivan, G. C. "The Art of Watercolours." PowerPoint presentation, Red Deer College, Red Deer, AB, November 13, 2003.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
Sometimes an author will quote work someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original source. In this case, both the original and the secondary source must be listed in the note and the bibliography.
If, for example, you were reading the book The Birth of Feminism: Women as Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England and the author, Sarah Gwyneth Ross, made reference to the article "The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pisan," by Astrik L. Gabriel, but you could not find a copy of Gabriel's article you would refer to it as per the layout below.
1. Author First Name Surname {original author}, Title (Year): page number, quoted in Author First Name Surname {the author of the book that refers to the thoughts/ideas of the other author}), Title (Publisher, Year), page #.
2. Author Surname {original author}, Title, page #.
Author Surname, First Name {original author}. Title. Publisher, Year. Quoted in Author First Name Surname {the author of the book that refers to the thoughts/ideas of the thoughts/ideas of the other author}. Title. Publisher, Year, page #.
1. Astrik L. Gabriel, "The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pisan," Journal of the History of Ideas 16, no. 1 (1995): 3-21, quoted in Sarah Gwyneth Ross, The Birth of Feminism: Women as Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England (Harvard University Press, 2009), 23.
2. Gabriel, "The Educational Ideas," 3-21.
Gabriel, Astrik L. "The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pisan." Culture and Imperialism: Journal of the History of Ideas 16, no. 1 (1995). Quoted in Sarah Gwyneth Ross. The Birth of Feminism: Women as Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England. Harvard University Press, 2009, 23.
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific chapters and sections in The Chicago Manual (18th ed.)
In Chicago Style, you need to credit tools such as ChatGPT or other generative AI whenever you use the text generated in your own work. This information should be in a footnote; it is not usually included in the bibliography. However, if, for some reason, it is included in a bibliography it should be cited under the name of the publisher or developer and not under the name of the tool. Include a publicly available URL (14.104).
1. Text generated by ChatGPT-3.5, OpenAI, March 7, 2025, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/share/90b8137d-ff1c-4c0c-b123-2868623c4ae2.
1. Response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” ChatGPT-3.5, OpenAI, March 7, 2025, https://chat.openai.com/share/90b8137d-ff1c-4c0c-b123-2868623c4ae2.
1. Response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” ChatGPT-3.5, OpenAI, March 7, 2025, OpenAI, edited for style and accuracy.