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MLA Citation Style 9th Edition

This guide will help you cite sources in MLA Citation Style 9th Edition.

Image from an Online Source

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.     Mollerus, Sharon.
  2. Title of source.      "#Flowers."
  3. Title of container,     Flickr,
  4. Other contributors,    
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,    
  8. Publication date,     19 July 2016,
  9. Location.     www.flickr.com/photos/clairity/28413819795/.

Example

In-Text Citation

(Mollerus)

Works Cited

Mollerus, Sharon. "#Flowers." Flickr, 19 July 2016, www.flickr.com/photos/clairity/28413819795/.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

See RDP Library's Copyright Guide: Citing & Attributing Works for more information about citing and attributing images.

YouTube Video

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.  
  2. Title of source.      "Browser the Library Cat in the Library."
  3. Title of container,     YouTube,
  4. Other contributors,    uploaded by chari326,
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers, 
  8. Publication date,     30 Oct. 2007,
  9. Location.     www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0mI7HKD6CQ.

Example

In-Text Citation

("Browser" 00:01:30-40)

Works Cited

"Browser the Library Cat in the Library." YouTube, uploaded by chari326, 30 Oct. 2007, www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0mI7HKD6CQ.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

For more information about citing other types of contributors, see section 5.41 of the MLA Handbook.

For more information about citing with time stamps, see section 6.28 of the MLA Handbook.

 

Film from a Library Database

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.    
  2. Title of source.      Bob Geldof and Yeats.
  3. Title of container,   
  4. Other contributors,     
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,    Network Ireland Television,
  8. Publication date,     2016,
  9. Location.    

Container 2 (in this case the database that the video was retrieved from):

  1. Title of container,    Films on Demand,
  2. Other contributors,    
  3. Version,
  4. Number,
  5. Publishers, 
  6. Publication date,  
  7. Location.     ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/login?url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=103278&xtid=138856.

Example

In-Text Citation

(Bob Geldof and Yeats 00:24:07-20)

Works Cited

Bob Geldof and Yeats. Network Ireland Television, 2016. Films on Demand, ezproxy.ardc.talonline.ca/login?url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=103278&xtid=138856.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

For more information about citing with time stamps, see section 6.28 of the MLA Handbook.

Video or DVD

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.    
  2. Title of source.      Hugo.
  3. Title of container,    
  4. Other contributors,     Directed by Martin Scorsese,
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,    Paramount,
  8. Publication date,     2011,
  9. Location.    

Example

In-Text Citation

(Hugo 01:01:30-35)

Works Cited

Hugo. Directed by Martin Scorsese, Paramount, 2011.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

For more information about citing with time stamps, see section 6.28 of the MLA Handbook.

Blog Post

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.  Hanson, Robin.  
  2. Title of source.      "Capturing the Policy Info Process."
  3. Title of container,    Overcoming Bias,
  4. Other contributors,     
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,    
  8. Publication date,     15 December 2017,
  9. Location.    www.overcomingbias.com/2017/12/capturing-the-policy-info-process.html.

Example

In-Text Citation

(Hanson)

Works Cited

Hanson, Robin. "Capturing the Policy Info Process." Overcoming Bias, 15 December 2017, www.overcomingbias.com/2017/12/capturing-the-policy-info-process.html.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

Lecture PowerPoint on Blackboard

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.  
  2. Title of source.      "Metaphysics."
  3. Title of container,     Philosophy 201B,
  4. Other contributors,    taught by Guillermo Barron,
  5. Version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,    
  8. Publication date,     
  9. Location. 

Container 2 (in this case the database that the video was retrieved from):

  1. Title of container,    Blackboard,
  2. Other contributors,    
  3. Version,
  4. Number,
  5. Publishers,     Red Deer College,
  6. Publication date,   17 Mar. 2005.
  7. Location.     rdc-bb.blackboard.com/ultra/courses/_32376_1/cl/outline.

Example

In-Text Citation

(Barron)

Works Cited

"Metaphysics." Philosophy 201B, taught by Guillermo Barron. Blackboard, Red Deer College, 23 Mar. 2005, rdc-bb.blackboard.com/ultra/courses/_32376_1/cl/outline.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., other contributors), leave it out.

See the MLA Handbook for more examples.

Indirect Sources (When You Have Not Seen the Original Source)

Sometimes an author writes about work that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original source. In this case, because you did not read the original source, you will include only the source you did consult in the Works Cited list. The abbreviation “qtd. in” as part of the in-text citation indicates you have not read the original source.

Example: Do not include Fong (1987) in Works Cited; do include Bertram.
Fong’s 1987 study found that older students’ memory can be as good as that of young people, but this depends on how memory is tested (qtd. in Bertram 124).

 

Tip: See the MLA Handbook (6.77) for more information. 

Artificial Intelligence (i.e. ChatGPT)

Note: Content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) may not be considered an acceptable source for your course work. Be sure to evaluate content carefully and check with your instructor. Check our Academic Integrity guide for more information.

The official MLA Style website has guidelines for citing content generated by AI: How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?

In MLA Style, you should:

  • cite a generative AI tool (such as ChatGPT) whenever you paraphrase, quote, or incorporate into your own work any content (such as text or images) that was created by the tool.
  • acknowledge all functional uses of the tool (such as editing or translating your writing) somewhere in your assignment, such as in a footnote.
  • check any content that was created by the tool, especially any citations or sources used.

Citation Recipe

  1. Author.    
  2. Title of source.      "Describe the symbolism of the green light in The Great Gatsby" prompt.
  3. Title of container,    ChatGPT,
  4. Other contributors,     
  5. Version,     13 Feb. version,
  6. Number,    
  7. Publishers,     OpenAI,
  8. Publication date,     9 Mar. 2023,
  9. Location.    chat.openai.com/chat.

Example

In-Text Citation

("Describe the symbolism")

Works Cited

"Describe the symbolism of the green light in The Great Gatsby" prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, Open AI, 9 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.

Tips

Check How to Build a Citation to learn how to find and format individual elements of the citation.

If an element is not present (e.g., authors), leave it out.

See the official MLA website for more examples.