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APA Citation Style 7th Edition

This guide will help you cite sources in APA Citation Style 7th Edition.

Journal Article

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname, Year) 

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Pettigrew, 2009, p. 61)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Pettigrew, 2009) 

References

Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55

Tips

See the APA Manual (10.1) or the APA Style website for more information and examples.
For more information about DOIs, please see DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers).

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year) 

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Elloy & Flynn, 1998, p. 98)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Elloy & Flynn, 1998)

References

Elloy, D. F., & Flynn, W. R. (1998). Job involvement and organization commitment among dual-income and single-income families: A multiple-site study. Journal of Social Psychology, 138(1), 93-101.

Tips

See the APA Manual (10.1) or the APA Style website for more information and examples.
For more information about DOIs, please see DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers).

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname et al., Year)  

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Mohr et al., 2016, p. 76) 

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Mohr et al., 2016)    

References

Mohr, M., Trudeau, M. B., Nigg, S. R., & Nigg, B. M. (2016). Increased athletic performance in lighter basketball shoes: Shoe or psychological effect? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0538

Tips

See the APA Manual (10.1) or the APA Style website for more information and examples.
For more information about DOIs, please see DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers).

DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers)

If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source, it should be included in the reference (9.34).  A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles, but also some books). 

If an article has a DOI, it can usually be found on the first page of the article, in the database record, or by searching Crossref. On a book, it may be found on the book record if it was located in a database or, on the work's copyright page.

DOIs should be formatted:

  • As hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with "http://" or "https://")
  • As "live" (clickable) links, using either the default display settings (e.g. blue font, underlined) or plain text that is not underlined
  • Without additional line breaks; it is acceptable if your word-processing program automatically adds a break or moves the hyperlink to its own line

 

If an article does not have a DOI, there are two options:

  1. If the article is available beyond a specific database, the reference will end with the page range (if applicable). Most articles are available in many locations (like the journal's website or other databases), so this is the most common option.
  2. If the article is only available in a specific database, the reference should include the name of the database and a stable URL for the work or the URL for the home page of the database (9.34). For example, articles from ERIC and UpToDate should be formatted with the name of the database and the stable URL in lieu of a DOI.
More information on DOIs can be found in the APA Manual (9.34-9.36) or, through APA's online description of DOIs and URLs.

Magazine Article

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference) 

(Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine Title, Volume(issue), page range. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Zorthian, 2017, p. 1)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Zorthian, 2017)

References

Zorthian, J. (2017, May 25). Real-life robocops. Time, 189(21). https://time.com/4793902/real-life-robocops/

Tips

If a magazine article has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), include this at the end of your reference, beginning with "https://" or "http://".
If you view a magazine article online, include the URL for the article.
If you view a magazine article from within an article database and it does not have a DOI, you do not need to include a URL.
See the APA Manual (10.1, #15) for more information and examples.

Newspaper Article

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. URL if applicable 

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Severson & Martin, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Severson & Martin, 2009)

References

Severson, K., & Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/04/dining/04cert.html

Tip

See the APA Manual (10.1, #16) for more information and examples.