Skip to Main Content

Library

 

APA Citation Style 7th Edition

This guide will help you cite sources in APA Citation Style 7th Edition.

Book

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Franks, 2005, p. 148)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Franks, 2005)

References

Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. McFarland & Company.

Tip

See the APA Manual (10.2) and the APA Style website for more information and examples.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Pratchett & Gaiman, 1990, p. 148)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Pratchett & Gaiman, 1990)

References

Pratchett, T., & Gaiman, N. (1990). Good omens: The nice and accurate prophecies of Agnes Nutter. Gollancz.

Tip

See the APA Manual (10.2) and the APA Style website for more information and examples.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname et al., Year) 

References

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Greig et al., 2013, p. 63)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Greig et al., 2013)

References

Greig, A., Taylor, J., & MacKay, T. (2013). Doing research with children: A practical guide. Sage.

Tip

See the APA Manual (10.2) and the APA Style website for more information and examples.

DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers)

If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source, it should be included in the reference (9.34).  A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles, but also some books). 

If an article has a DOI, it can usually be found on the first page of the article, in the database record, or by searching Crossref. On a book, it may be found on the book record if it was located in a database or, on the work's copyright page.

DOIs should be formatted:

  • As hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with "http://" or "https://")
  • As "live" (clickable) links, using either the default display settings (e.g. blue font, underlined) or plain text that is not underlined
  • Without additional line breaks; it is acceptable if your word-processing program automatically adds a break or moves the hyperlink to its own line

 

If an article does not have a DOI, there are two options:

  1. If the article is available beyond a specific database, the reference will end with the page range (if applicable). Most articles are available in many locations (like the journal's website or other databases), so this is the most common option.
  2. If the article is only available in a specific database, the reference should include the name of the database and a stable URL for the work or the URL for the home page of the database (9.34). For example, articles from ERIC and UpToDate should be formatted with the name of the database and the stable URL in lieu of a DOI.
More information on DOIs can be found in the APA Manual (9.34-9.36) or, through APA's online description of DOIs and URLs.

Chapter in an Edited Book

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor First Initial. Surname, Editor First Initial. Surname, & Editor First Initial. Surname (Eds.), Book title: Subtitle (Page range). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example: Chapter in an Edited Book

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Watson, 2018, p. 21)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Watson, 2018)

References

Watson, J. (2018). Integrative nursing and caring science: Universals of human caring and healing. In M. J. Kreitzer & M. Koithan (Eds.), Integrative nursing (2nd ed., pp. 20-28). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190851040.001.0001 

Example: Chapter in an Edited Book with Canadian and American Editors

In-Text

(Stewart, 2007)

References

Stewart, B. (2007). Wag of the tail: Reflecting on pet ownership. In J. Jaimeson, T. Bannerman, & S. Wong (Eds.), & S. Macnaughton, Y. Phillips, C. Ratcliffe, & T. Vuori (Cdn. Eds.), Enriching our lives with animals (2nd Cdn. ed., pp. 97-105). Petlove Press.

Example: Adapted Chapter in an Edited Book

In this example, Malick is the chapter's original author and Sanchez adapted the chapter for a Canadian context. 

In-Text

(Malick, 2010)

References

Malick, L. B. (2010). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances (O. Sanchez, Cdn. Adapt.). In S. L. Lewis, M. M. Heitkemper, S. R. Dirksen, L. Bucher & P. G. O’Brien (Eds.), Medical-surgical nursing in Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems (Cdn. ed., pp. 362-391). Elsevier Canada.

Tip

See the APA Manual (10.3) and our FAQ "How do I cite a nursing textbook?" for more information and examples.

Entry in a Reference Work (e.g. Encyclopedia or Dictionary)

General Format

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(Author Surname, Year, page [if available] or section heading and/or paragraph number)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(Author Surname, Year)

References

Author Surname, First Initial. (Year). Title of specific entry. In Editor First Initial. Surname (Ed.), Book title: Subtitle (edition, if applicable). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxx OR URL, if applicable

Example: Entry in a Reference Work from Credo Reference, without an Individual Author

In-Text Citation (Quotation)

(“Brain,” 2016, para. 1)

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) (APA does not require the page number, check with your instructor for preference)

(“Brain,” 2016)

References

Brain. (2016). In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of psychology (3rd ed.). Gale. 

Tips

When a reference entry does not have an author, start the reference with the title of the specific entry instead. The title of the entry will also be used in place of the author for your in-text citation(s).
See the APA Manual (10.3) for more information and examples.